Carbureter



F. H. BALL.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I0, I9I9.

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@tt 01,14 ma UNITED STATES PATENTv OFFICE.

FRANK H. BALL, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO BALL & BALL CARBURETOBCOMPANY, OF DETROIT, .MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

CABBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 27, 1921.

Application led June 10, 1919. Serial No. 303,206.

To allee/1,0m t may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK H. BALL a citizen of the United States,residin at etroit, in the county of Wayne and tate of Michigan, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which thefollowing is a specification.

In the operation of a carbureter itis de sirable to completely atomizethe fuel. -With a wide open throttle and a rapid speed of the enginethere is a suilicient velocity Vof the air through the contractedportion of the suction passage, usually in the form of a. Venturi tubeto accomplish this purpose.

When there is a partially'closed throttle and sufficient speed of theengine there is a sufcient velocity of air past the throttle toa'ccomplish the purpose. In one instance the restriction is at theVenturi tube and in the other instance the-lrestriction is made by thethrottle. .Where however, there is a. comparatively wide open throttleand a slow movementof the motor as is apt to be the condition on a hillwith an automobile there is not suiiicient velocity of air through thecarburetemr` to properly atomize the fuel. v In addition to this themixture is not `usually suiiiciently rich to give the maximum power sothat under these conditions there is a lack of suiiciently rich mixtureto -give the maximum power even though the atomization were completewhich condition is aggravated by a lack of atomization so that theultimate result is for -all practical purposes a leaner mixture isprovided than the mixturedelivered under other conditions. It isdesirable, therefore, to supplement the normal fuel supply where thereis a slow movementI of air through the suction passage so as to give themost ciiicient mixture under these conditions and to continue thissupplemental supply so long as the slow movement of air continues. Themechanism for accomplishing this I term a step up device. If

is desirable and this has been corrected by what has been commonlycalled pick-up devices. With such devices an added amount of fuel ismomentarily supplied as the throttlc is opened to bridge over thedisturbing condition while the engine is picking up due to the openingof the throttle. Such a momentary addition of fuel lis desirable evenwith a step-up device for a continued supplementing of the fuel underthe conditions above described. With the present invention this isaccomplished.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein acarbureter is shown in vertical section.

1 marks the suction passage, 2 the throttle, 3 the Venturi tube, 4 fuelnozzles which as shown project from the walls of the Venturi tube, 5 anannular chamber around the Venturi tube and from which the fuel nozzleslead, 6 apassage connecting the annular chamber 5 with anintermediatechamber 7 formed between the walls of a socket '8 formed inthe body of the carbureter and the walls of a metering plug 9. Themetering plu-g has a metered` fuel,V opening 10 which leads to a passage11 in the plug and the assage 11 communicates with the chamber'` bymeans of a radial passage 12. A fuel passage 13 leads from a float,chamber 14 to the metered opening 10. The ioat chamber has the usualsupply connection 15 controlled by a valve 16 and thelvalve iscontrolled by a oat 17 in the usual manner.

The fuel'i's regulated by the reduction of pressure or suction at themetered o ening 10. vThe reduced pressure at the enturi tube iscommunicated to the passage 11 bv way of the nozzles 4, passage 6,chamber 77 and passa e 12. The suction may be modified by a I:mitting acertain amount of air preferably from the atmosphere and further 1t ispossibleby this method to yavoid the negative head necessary where thefuel is delivered in the form of raw fuel to the nozzle. Air is admittedthrough the passage 19 to a passage 18 in the plug 9. A restrictedopen'- ing 20 communicates with the passages 18 andli. A passage 21 alsoleads from the passage 18 to the chamber 7. With the passages admittingair to the chambers between` tion of the air. The fuel level isindicated at A-A. The fuel level is approximately at thepassage 12 andby reason of the fact that the nozzles 4 extend above the fuel level theleakage of fuel when the carburete is at rest is obviated.' On the otherhand the air breaking up the fuel at the level 'of the chamber 6maintains the level to which the fuel is delivered approximately at orbelow the fuel level and the fuel is atomized more or less as it isdelivered through the nozzles.

The step up device for varying the quality of the mixture under theconditions heretofore set forth are as follows :w-Th'e chamber 7 isconnected with a passage or chamber 22 by a passage 23. The chamber'22opens to the atmosphere vand* is controlled by a valve 24. The valve 24has a stem 25 which terminates in a piston 26. The piston operates in acylinder 27. The cylinder is connected by' a passage 28 with the suctionpassage at a point above the throttle. A spring 29 is arranged on thestem 25 and operates against a shoulder 30 on the stem 25 and restsagainst a shoulder 31 at the end ofthe cylinder 27.

4The spring is of sufficient strength to retain the valve 24 in closedposition until there is such a preponderance of pressure below'thepiston 26 as to overcomethe spring and open the valve.

When thereis a wide open throttle and a slow running motor there is ofcourse, very little reduction of pressure in the suction passage andconsequently `a very small reduction of pressure in the cylinder 27:Consequently the preponderance of atmospheric pressure over suctionpassage pressure` is not suicient to overcome the spring 29 so as -toopen the valve 24. The valve 24 remains in aclosed position and thereduction in pressure in the passage l1 inducing =a flow through themetered opening l() is-a pressure between that of the Venturi tube andthe atmospheredepending on the size of the openings admitting air intothe passage 11 and the size of the nozzles forming a means ofcommunication between the passage 11 and the Venturi tube. These are soproportioned as to give a comparatively1 rich mixture so that themixture is better adapted to the higher\power desired under suchconditions but more particularly, it supplements the fuel so as to makeup for thelack of atomizati'on. When, however, the motor speeds up or aspeed is maintained wifh a partially' -closedthrottle so that there is ahigher `velocity at the restrictions of the suction .passage there acorresponding reduction of pressure at the discharge side o-f 4thethrottle which is communicatedI through the passage 28 to the 'cylinder27 and a consequent" reduction of pressure above the piston 26 creates apreponderance of pressure below the piston which OVcrGOmes the spring 29and lifts the valve 24, the amount of theopening being dependent on thedegree of reduction of pressure.

As the valve 24 is opened air is admitted to the passage orrchamber 7and communicated to the passage 11 so that the reduction of pressure inthe passage l1 is less' and in consequence the suction effort on thefuel at the' restricted opening 10 is reduced, with a consequentreduction in the quantity of fuel delivered. In addition there is aslightly greaterA amount of airi delivered through the nozzles 4 whichalso tends to make a leaner mixture.

The device so far as described gives a continuing supplemental supply offuel during certaixi conditions. Asbefore stated it is desirable tomomentarily supply addi ional amountslof fuel by way is `commonly ca leda pick-up device. yhis is accomplished in the present invention;Y asfollows 4A well 32 is arranged below the chamber 22 and separatedtherefrom byY a partition plate or plug 33. A depending tube 34 extendsfrom the plug 33 to near the bottom of the well 32 and is provided witha re'- lstricted opening 35 at its lower end. The well 32 is connectedwith the fuel passage 13 by a small passage 36. A passage/37 eX tendsfrom the well 32 to a passage 3d which is open at its top to theatmosphere. Fuel accumulates in the well 32 and in the passage 38 to thelevel shown in the! drawings. The fuel remains at this ,level kso longas the valve,` 24 is opened, the opening of the valve allowing themovement of air to the chamber' 32 so nearly approximating atmosphericpressure as to preclude the transfer of fuel from the well 32 to thechamber 22. When, however, the valve 24 is closed the pressure in thelchamber 22 is reduced to the pressure of the chamber 7 and thisreduction of pressure results in a preponderance of pressure on thelcolumn of fuel in the passage 38. Fuel is, therefore, forced from thepas sage 38, well 32, through the opening 35 through thechamber 22,passage 23 to the chamber 7. The delivery of the accumulated liquid fromthe well momentarily adds very materially to theI fuel supplied andaffords what is commonly known as a pick-.up delivery of fuel. As soonasthe accumulated fuel in the passage 38 and well 32 is eX- hausted thedelivery is very largely cut off. There isla slight amount of liquidpicked up by the air moving through the well 32 .and .passage 35 andcarried into the suction` passage with` the other fuel supply and thisis consideredin the added fuel supply which is delivered through themetered opening'lO as an incident to the increased suction on the fueldue to the closing of the valve 24. The ad ission of air, however,through the channe starting `with the passage 38 reduces slightly thesuction effort that would otherof fuel carried through the opening 35there the direct action of is also a smaller amount off fuel carriedthrough the metered opening I0 than would becarried through said openingl0 if there were a 'complete closure as to the passage of air throughthe passage 23.

It will be seen, therefore, that inthe' present construction not onlythe pick-up device but the step up device for continuing a supplementalsupply of fuel is responsive toiand actuated by variations of pressurein the suction passage and that in both devices the fuel is actuated bythe direct action of the air upon the fuel.

In the drawings the parts are shown at rest. In operation a closing ofthe throttle opens the valve 24:. It will be understood that as thevalve 24 is closed the accumulated fuel in the well is discharged `andthe level of fuel in the chamber 6 is brought to the Hoor of thischamber.

What I claim as new is 2'- l. Ina carbureter, the combination of asuction passage; means for delivering a combustible mixture comprisingas itsA elements air and fuel to said passage, the fuel being passedthrough a conduit delivering at least the major portion of lthe fuelsupply for the combustible mixture; pick-up and step up devices, saiddevices modifying said delivery through said conduit by iniowing .air tovary the relative flow of said elements to the suction passage to form aricher mixture with a lesser degree ofvacuum and to momentarily furtherincrease the richness of the mixture immediately following suchvariation; and mechanism responsive to variations of pressure in thesuction passage actuating said devices.

2.'In a carbureter, the combination of a suctionvpassage; a throttlevalve; means for delivering a combustible mixture comprising as itselements air and fuel to said passage; pick-up and continuous fuelauginenting devices. said devices modifying said delivery through saidconduit by the direct action of inflowing air to vary-the relative fiowof said elements to the' suction passage to form a richer mixture with alesser de- 4 gree of vacuum and to momentarily further increase therichness of the mixture immediately following such variation; andmechanism responsive to variations of pressure in the suction passage atthel discharge side of the throttle actuating said devices.

3. In a carburetor, the combination of a suction passage; means fordelivering a combustible mixture comprising as its elements air and fuelto said passage, the fuel being passed through a conduit delivering atleast the major portion of the fuel supply for the combustible mixture;and devices actuated by variations in the degree of vacuum in thesuction passage and continuing during such variation modifying saiddelivery through said conduit to vary' the relative flow of saidelements to4 said suction passage to form a richer'mixture with a lesserdegree of vacuum and to momentarily further increase'the .'richness ofthe mixture immediately following such variation.

4. In a arbureter, the combination of a suction passage; means fordelivering airand fuel to the suction passage comprising a chambercommunicating with the suction passage, with a fuel supply and airpassages'leading to an air supply; and valve mechanism responsive tovariations of pressure in the suction passage andacting on said airpassages to vary the air flow therethrough to control the relative flowof air and fuel to the suction passage to momentarily supplement lthefuel supply by the direct action of air on the fuel immediatelyfollowing a variation of pressure in the suction passage and forcontinuously adding to the fuel low'to enrich the mixture during acontinuation of the change of pressure in the suction passage.

5. In a carbureter, the combination of a suction passage; anintermediate chamber communicating with the suction passage, a 95 Sourceof fuel supply and with the atmosphere; a well in which fuel accumulatescommunicating with the atmosphere; a passage leading from the lower partof the well to said chamber; a valve varying the com- 100 municationbetween the chamber and the atmosphere; and means responsive tovariations of pressure in the suction passage for actuating the valve.

6. In a carbureter, the combination of a 105 suction passage; anintermediate chamber having communication with a fuel supply, With saidsuction passage and with the atmosphere; a secondary chambercommunileating with the intermediate chamber; a 110 well in which fuelaccumulates; a passage leading from the lowerpart of the well to saidsecondary chamber; a passage leading from the well to the atmosphere; avalve controlling the communication between said secondary chamber andthe atmosphere; and4 means responsive to variations in pressure in thesuction passage controlling said valve.

7. In a carbureter, the combination of a suction passage; a well inwhich fuel accumulates and having an opening to the atmosphere; aconnection leading from below the fuel level in the well to the suctionpassage; an air passage leading from the 'connection to the atmosphere;a valve con- 125 trolling said ail` passage; and means responsive tovariations of pressure in the suction passage controlling the valve.

S. In a carbureter, the combination of a suction passagega well in whichfuel accumulates and having an opening to `the atsee controlling thevalve; and means oonmospliere; e connection leading Jfrom below tro edby said valve effecting a continued the fuel level in the well to thesuction passupplemental delivery of fuel to the suction 10 sage; an airpassage leading from the conpassage following a closin of said valve.neotion to, the atmosphere; a valve con- In testimony whereof I l:wehereunto set trolling seid air passage; meens responsive my hand.

to variations of pressure in the suction pas- FRANK H. BALL.

